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Common Law Constitution — Concordance v5

Two-way cross-reference between modern articles and foundation references. Version 5 review draft: incorporates the agreed programme-origin, financial stewardship, public accountability, redress, emergency, amendment, and closing declaration amendments.

Modern articles to foundation references

Modern articleFoundation references
PreambleMC.1; CO.1; CO.2; CO.3; BR.1; BR.3; AS.1; AS.4; PR.5; HC.7
Article 1 — Government Under LawCO.1; CO.2; CR.1; CR.2; AS.4; AS.5; BR.2.1; BR.2.2; BR.3; BR.4; PR.6
Article 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial StewardshipPR.1; PR.2; BR.2.3; BR.4; AS.4
Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas CorpusPR.5; HC.1; HC.2; HC.3; HC.4; HC.5; HC.6; HC.7; BR.4
Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by LawPR.4; PR.5; BR.2.9; HC.2; HC.3
Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and PunishmentMC.3; BR.2.8; BR.2.9; PR.5; CO.2
Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External AuthorityBR.3; BR.4; AS.4; AS.5; CR.1; CR.2; US.1; UI.1
Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed ForcesBR.2.1; BR.2.2; BR.2.3; BR.2.5; PR.3; PR.4; AS.2; BR.4
Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the PeopleBR.2.4; BR.2.6; BR.2.7; BR.2.10; BR.3; BR.4; AS.4
Article 9 — Accountability of Public OfficersCO.1; CO.2; PR.6; HC.4; AS.3; AS.5; CR.3; MC.3
Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the CourtsPR.4; HC.2; HC.3; HC.7; BR.4; AS.4
Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient LibertiesMC.1; CO.1; CO.2; CO.3; TO.1; BR.3; AS.1; AS.4; PR.5; BR.4
Article 12 — Constitutional SupremacyBR.2.1; BR.2.2; BR.3; BR.4; AS.4; AS.5; HC.2; HC.7
Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the RealmUS.1; US.2; US.3; US.4; US.5; UI.1; UI.2; MC.2; MC.3; AS.4

Foundation references to modern articles

ReferenceSource propositionModern article(s)
PR.1No taxation, forced loan, benevolence, or similar charge without ParliamentArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship
PR.2No punishment or molestation for refusing unlawful demandsArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship
PR.3No billeting of soldiers or mariners upon the peopleArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
PR.4No martial law in place of the ordinary law while the ordinary courts can actArticle 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts
PR.5Life, limb, and punishment only by the law of the landPreamble; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
PR.6Officers and ministers must serve according to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
HC.1Delay and evasion by gaolers condemnedArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.2Produce the body and certify the true cause of detentionArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
HC.3Habeas corpus available out of term or vacationArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts
HC.4Penalties for refusing the writ or withholding the warrantArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
HC.5No recommittal after release on the same causeArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.6No removal from custody except by lawful writ or necessityArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.7No imprisonment beyond the seas to evade the lawPreamble; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.1Arbitrary power recited as constitutional grievancePreamble
BR.2.1No suspension of laws by executive authorityArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.2.2No dispensing with laws by executive authorityArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.2.3No money levied by prerogative without ParliamentArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
BR.2.4Right to petitionArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.5No standing army in peace without ParliamentArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
BR.2.6Free electionsArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.7Freedom of speech and proceedings in ParliamentArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.8No excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishmentsArticle 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment
BR.2.9No fines or forfeitures before convictionArticle 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment
BR.2.10Frequent ParliamentsArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.3Rights claimed as ancient, true, and indubitablePreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.4No foreign jurisdiction or external authority within the realmArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
AS.1Further provision to secure laws and libertiesPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
AS.2No war for non-UK territories or interests without ParliamentArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
AS.3No pardon to defeat impeachmentArticle 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
AS.4The laws are the birthright of the peoplePreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
AS.5Crown, ministers, and officers must administer according to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
MC.1Liberties of the Church and the realmPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
MC.2Lawful judgment and the law of the landArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
MC.3Justice not sold, denied, or delayedArticle 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
CO.1Government according to the laws and customs of the realmPreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CO.2Law and justice in mercyPreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CO.3Christian profession without sectarian disabilityPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CR.1Arbitrary power subverts law and libertyArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority
CR.2No dispensing or suspending power contrary to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority
CR.3Courts, oaths, and public offices must not be instruments of arbitrary powerArticle 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
US.1One Kingdom and one ParliamentArticle 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.2Free intercourse, trade, and navigation within the UnionArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.3Public law may be made common, but private right requires evident utilityArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.4Preservation of courts and administration of justiceArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.5Preservation of rights, privileges, and subjecthoodArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
UI.1One United Kingdom and one ParliamentArticle 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
UI.2Equal footing in trade, navigation, and privilegesArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
TO.1Peaceable exercise of lawful religionArticle 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties